Homicide numbers, rates, and victims' characteristics in the Tri-City metropolitan area, Poland, between 2010 and 2019. / Liczby i wskazniki zabójstw oraz charakterystyka ofiar na terenie aglomeracji Trójmiasta w latach 2010-2019.

Despite a clear global downward trend, homicides still account for a relatively high proportion of all violent deaths, making them a serious problem both in Poland and worldwide. The discrepancy in available data prompted the authors of the study to analyse the numbers and rates of homicides and the characteristics of the homicide victims in the Tri-City area of northern Poland. The study was based on data from autopsy reports, supplemented by information from prosecutor's files on all homicides in the Tri-City area between 2010 and 2019. A total of 107 homicides were statistically analysed for age, sex, blood alcohol concentration at the time of death, time and place of death. The annual homicide rate was 1.24 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a clear downward trend over the period analysed. The average age of victims was about 48 years, and the majority of victims were male (70.1%). 92.5% of homicides were committed in the Tri-City, with a clear predominance of Gdansk (49.5%) over other, mostly rural, areas of the analysed agglomeration. The majority of victims (57.8%) whose blood alcohol concentration was measured were intoxicated, with a clear predominance of males in this group (70.9%). Victim characteristics and the homicide rates obtained from the analysed material were similar to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, which may be related to historical, cultural, and demographic similarities. The study highlights the significant impact of alcohol abuse on the risk of homicide.

Judicial Actors' Understanding of the Mental Health Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue that has grave physical and mental health consequences for millions of women. The judicial system plays a critical role in responding to IPV principally through the criminal justice system, family law, and/or child welfare jurisdictions. However, victims/survivors who interact with the legal system report negative experiences. An under-researched area of scholarship is the degree to which judicial actors understand the mental health impacts of IPV on victims/survivors and how they apply that knowledge in practice. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize existing scholarship on judicial actors' understanding of the mental health impacts of IPV on women survivors. We searched 10 databases (Medline, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Westlaw, HeinOnline, the Cochrane Library, and the Joanna Briggs Library databases) for studies published between 2000 and 2023. A total of 27 studies were included in the review. We identified five main themes, including: awareness of survivors' experiences, gap in judicial actors' knowledge, understanding of perpetrator tactics and risk factors, disclosing mental health problems, training, and guidance. The review highlights significant gaps in judicial actors' understanding of this issue and recommends strategies to increase the awareness and understanding of IPV among judicial actors. The findings can be used to justify future research to better understand the training and development needs of judicial actors to improve their level of awareness of the dynamics and impact of IPV and to make policy and practice recommendations to build the capacity of the judicial workforce.

The Pandemic of Invisible Victims in American Mental Health.

Although considerable attention has been devoted to the concepts of "visible" and "invisible" victims in general medical practice, especially in relation to resource allocation, far less consideration has been devoted to these concepts in behavioral health. Distinctive features of mental health care in the United States help explain this gap. This essay explores three specific ways in which the American mental health care system protects potentially "visible" individuals at the expense of "invisible victims" and otherwise fails to meet the needs of great numbers of people with serious psychiatric conditions: prioritization of the wrong patients, incentivization of excessive caution among providers, and a narrow definition of psychiatry's purview. While each of these practices has been discussed elsewhere in the literature, they are rarely considered as part of an interrelated and systemic problem. Reconceptualizing these three issues as aspects of the larger conflict between the interests of "visible" and "invisible" victims may prove a path toward reform.

Evaluation of the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake survivors affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake; a section from Gaziantep Nurdagi district.

BACKGROUND: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred in Pazarcik District of Turkey at 04.17 on February 6, 2023 and another earthquake of 7.6 occurred at 13.24 on the same day. This is the second largest earthquake to have occurred in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate the earthquake-related level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, general health and psychological status of survivors who were affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake and who were living in Nurdagi District of Gaziantep after the earthquake. METHODS: Data of 2317 individuals older than 18 years of age who were living in earthquake neighbourhoods, tents and containers in Nurdagi District of Gaziantep were examined. Variables were evaluated to find out the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake victims. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to find out psychological states of earthquake victims. RESULTS: The rate of injuries was 14.2% and leg and foot injuries were the most common with 44.2%. The relationship between injury status; and age, marital status, and being trapped under debris was revealed (p < 0.05). Mean GHQ-12 score of the survivors was 3.81 ± 2.81 and 51.9% experienced psychological distress. In the evaluation with logistic regression, it was found that female gender, being injured in the earthquake, loss of first degree and second degree relatives (with a higher rate in loss of first degree relative), having a severely damaged -to be demolished house and having a completely destroyed house were correlated with higher level of psychological distress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: General characteristics, injury prevalence and affecting factors of earthquake survivors were evaluated in the present study. Psychological distress was found in victims. For this reason, providing protective and assistive services to fight the destructive effects of earthquake is vital. Accordingly, increasing the awareness of people residing in earthquake zones regarding earthquakes is exceptionally important.

Longitudinal visibility of MRI findings in living victims of strangulation.

Initial experiences with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of living strangulation victims demonstrated additional findings of internal injuries compared to the standard clinical forensic examination. However, existing studies on the use of MRI for this purpose mostly focused on the first 48 h after the incident. The aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the longitudinal visibility of MRI findings after violence against the neck by performing two MRI examinations within 12 days and a minimum of four days between both MRI scans and (b) to assess which MRI sequences were most helpful for the detection of injuries. Twenty strangulation victims participated in this study and underwent one (n = 8) or two (n = 12) MRI scans. The first MRI examination was conducted during the first five days, the second five to 12 days after the incident. Two blinded radiologists assessed the MRI data and looked for lesions in the structures of the neck. In total, 140 findings were reported in the 32 MRI examinations. Most of the findings were detected in the thyroid and the muscles of the neck. T2-weighted SPACE with fat suppression, T1-weighted TSE and T1-weighted MPRAGE were rated as the most helpful MRI sequences. Subjects who showed findings in the initial scan also demonstrated comparable results in the second scan, which was performed on average 8.4 days after the incident. Our results show that even up to 12 days after the incident, the criminal proceeding of strangulation cases may greatly profit from the information provided by an MRI examination of the neck in addition to the standard clinical forensic examination.

Increased anger and stress and heightened connectivity between IFG and vmPFC in victims during social interaction.

Self-identification as a victim of violence may lead to increased negative emotions and stress and thus, may change both structure and function of the underlying neural network(s). In a trans-diagnostic sample of individuals who identified themselves as victims of violence and a matched control group with no prior exposure to violence, we employed a social exclusion paradigm, the Cyberball task, to stimulate the re-experience of stress. Participants were partially excluded in the ball-tossing game without prior knowledge. We analyzed group differences in brain activity and functional connectivity during exclusion versus inclusion in exclusion-related regions. The victim group showed increased anger and stress levels during all conditions. Activation patterns during the task did not differ between groups but an enhanced functional connectivity between the IFG and the right vmPFC distinguished victims from controls during exclusion. This effect was driven by aberrant connectivity in victims during inclusion rather than exclusion, indicating that victimization affects emotional responses and inclusion-related brain connectivity rather than exclusion-related brain activity or connectivity. Victims may respond differently to the social context itself. Enhanced negative emotions and connectivity deviations during social inclusion may depict altered social processing and may thus affect social interactions.

Healers that hurt: a scoping review of media reports of cases of rape in healthcare settings.

BACKGROUND: Sexual assault occurring within healthcare settings represents a significant breach of public trust. This scoping review aimed to highlight the profile of people raped, those who committed the rape within the health facilities, and the legal actions taken to resolved cases. METHODS: Media-reported data on incidents of rape in healthcare settings were collected. The search was conducted in May and June 2023, focusing on English-language publications with accessible full texts. Reports that lacked information on the survivors or incidents that occurred outside of healthcare settings were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the categories of the collected publications, and graphical representations were employed for visualization purposes. RESULTS: A total of 62 cases were retrieved, originating from Africa (n = 17; 27.4%), Europe (n = 14; 22.6%), Southeast Asia (n = 14; 22.6%), the Americas (n = 11; 17.7%), the Western Pacific Region (n = 5; 8.1%) and Eastern Mediterranean region (n = 1; 1.6%). In addition, 69 individuals were implicated in 59 cases. They were 31 doctors (44.9%), 17 (24.6%) nurses, four (5.8%) nurse/healthcare assistants, three (4.3%) cleaners/ward boy, two (2.9%) traditional medical doctors, and two (2.9%) security guards. Others included six (8.7%) staff members without designations and one (1.4%) ambulance driver. All perpetrators were male, ranging in age from 22 to 67 years. There were 66 victims identified in the 62 cases with age ranging from 2 to 92 years. Except for one case, all victims were female, and all but one case were patients. Most assaults occurred in consulting rooms/clinics (n = 21; 31.8%), 16 (24.2%) happened under sedation, and six (9.1%) were repeatedly raped, Survivors typically reported the cases the police (n = 12; 19.4%), family/friends (n = 11; 17.7%) or to hospital authorities (n = 10; 16.1%). Out of the 69 perpetrators, 19 (30.6%) were imprisoned with sentences ranging from 12 months to an indefinite period and one (1.6%) received a death sentence. CONCLUSION: The raping of patients by healthcare providers within healthcare settings calls for urgent and extensive measures. Stakeholders in healthcare management need to prioritize raising awareness about the problem, implement robust prevention and reporting strategies, and create healthcare environments that are safe, respectful, and supportive for all individuals seeking care.

Forensic interviews conducted with autistic adults in Japan: a review of the literature and directions for future research.

The interviewing of victims, witnesses and suspects is important in helping resolve criminal investigations. In Japan, developments have recently occurred in the training of the police and their public prosecutors in these key tasks. Whilst literature exists on autism in Japan, studies examining police/public prosecutor interviews with autistic adults conducted in that country (and indeed, any other) remain scant. As elsewhere in the world, identification of those who manifest characteristics prevalent on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) scale, has been found to be problematical to criminal justice professionals. To help address this deficit in understanding, we provide an overview of the literature concerning contemporary understanding of the challenges facing autistic adults as they attempt to reveal their verbal accounts, as well as suggested techniques when interviewing adults on the ASD scale during criminal investigations, offering lessons learned from research conducted around the world that provide potentially promising solutions for Japan.

Rape Victims' Perceptions of Quality of Encounters With the Swedish Police.

This study focused on raped women's perceptions of their encounters with Swedish police, with a specific focus on quality of encounters, trust, questions asked during police interviews, and perceptions of justice. One hundred and six rape victims, 74 of whom had reported to the police, answered a web-based questionnaire. Results show that where officers explained their line of questioning the perceived intrusiveness of the questioning was lower, as was the level of perceived victim-blaming. Higher quality police encounters were associated with higher trust in the legal system and in police work, and with higher levels of received justice. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed policing as a response to sexual assault and provide insights which might help inform policy and practice developments, both in Sweden and more generally.

Unveiling the hidden struggle of healthcare students as second victims through a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: When healthcare students witness, engage in, or are involved in an adverse event, it often leads to a second victim experience, impacting their mental well-being and influencing their future professional practice. This study aimed to describe the efforts, methods, and outcomes of interventions to help students in healthcare disciplines cope with the emotional experience of being involved in or witnessing a mistake causing harm to a patient during their clerkships or training. METHODS: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and includes the synthesis of eighteen studies, published in diverse languages from 2011 to 2023, identified from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and APS PsycInfo. PICO method was used for constructing a research question and formulating eligibility criteria. The selection process was conducted through Rayyan. Titles and abstracts of were independently screened by two authors. The critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 1354 studies were retrieved, 18 met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Various educational interventions along with learning how to prevent mistakes, and resilience training were described. In some cases, this experience contributed to the student personal growth. Psychological support in the aftermath of adverse events was scattered. CONCLUSION: Ensuring healthcare students' resilience should be a fundamental part of their training. Interventions to train them to address the second victim phenomenon during their clerkships are scarce, scattered, and do not yield conclusive results on identifying what is most effective and what is not.

Culturally Diverse Students' Perspectives on Sexual Violence Policies: Recommendations for Culturally Sensitive Approaches to Prevention in Higher Education.

Culturally sensitive approaches in sexual violence prevention (SVP) refer to the proactive measures and strategies designed to address unique cultural circumstances impacting SVP. It focuses on fostering a culture of consent, respect, and equity and creating a safe and supportive environment for all individuals regardless of your identity. Increasing cultural diversity on university campuses poses unique challenges in preventing sexual violence (SV). Cultural diversity brings different perspectives, norms, and values regarding sex, sexuality, and gender roles. It can contribute to varying understandings of consent, differing attitudes toward SV, and diverse victimization experiences. These differences can create barriers to effectively addressing and preventing SV. The multiphase Culture and Perspectives on Sexual Assault Policy study, conducted at four universities in Eastern Canada, employed a qualitative research design involving focus groups with culturally diverse student participants. The findings revealed a strong desire for more education on sex, sexuality, SVP, and the intersections of culture. Additionally, the findings emphasize the importance of education and comprehensive prevention efforts that consider cultural differences, challenge gender normativity, debunk rape myths, and address the shame and secrecy associated with experiencing SV. These insights have significant implications for promoting a sense of community ownership, increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of prevention efforts, and helping to create a campus environment where all students feel safe, supported, and valued.

Substance Use and Mental Health as Mediators of the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Condomless Sex with Serodiscordant Partners Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV.

Black sexual minority men (SMM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV in the United States. Intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use, and depression are associated with HIV risk behavior such as condomless sex. In this study, we assessed cross-sectional associations between multiple types of IPV victimization and condomless sex with serodiscordant partners. We then evaluated the mediating roles of mental health and substance use, in a sample of 213 Black SMM living with HIV. We used validated scales to assess IPV victimization, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, general mental health, and substance use. All independent variables (IPV type) that had at least a marginal (p < .10) association with the dependent variable (condomless sex with a serodiscordant partner) and any potential mediator were included in mediation models. Mediator role was determined based on a statistically significant outcome (p < .05) in the mediation model. Physical assault, injury-inducing IPV, and sexual coercion were each positively correlated with condomless sex. Depression, overall mental health, and substance use were associated with physical assault and injury-inducing IPV, and depression was associated with sexual coercion IPV. Both physical assault and injury-inducing IPV were associated with overall mental health, but none of the mental health and substance use measures mediated the associations between IPV and condomless sex. Findings suggest that HIV prevention efforts for Black SMM may need to incorporate IPV screening and prevention services. Further research is needed to understand the psychosocial pathways by which physical forms of IPV relate to condom use.

Memory Wars: A Solution to the Conflict / Las Guerras de la Memoria: una Solución al Conflicto

Se discute la validez de la memoria disociativa en contextos forenses y las causas de las llamadas “guerras de la memoria”. Conceptos erróneos entre la psicología clínica y la psicología forense, una definición deficiente de la amnesia y las dificultades inherentes en el estudio de recuerdos traumáticos contribuyen a la persistencia de esta controversia. Particularmente en el campo de la psicología forense, el debate podría atribuirse a la falta de consenso sobre la evidencia científica. Los psicólogos necesitan establecer una base empírica para comprender mejor los mecanismos de la memoria involucrados en recordar y olvidar recuerdos traumáticos. Se esboza el Modelo de Accesibilidad Continua de la Memoria para explicar la recuperación de los diferentes grados de accesibilidad a los recuerdos autobiográficos basados en diferentes factores.(AU)

The validity of dissociative memory in forensic contexts and the causes of the so-called “memory wars” arediscussed. Misconceptions between clinical and forensic psychology, a deficient definition of amnesia, and the difficulties inherent in studying traumatic memories contribute to the persistence of this controversy. Particularly in the field of forensic psychology, the debate could be attributed to the lack of consensus on scientific evidence. Psychologists need to establish an empirical foundation to understand better the mechanisms of memory involved in remembering and forgetting traumatic memories. The Continuous Accessibility Model of Memory is outlined to explain the retrieval of the different degrees of accessibility to autobiographical memories based on different factors.(AU)

Corrigendum: Experiences of healthcare staff in forensic care facilities supporting sexual violence survivors, in Tshwane, South Africa.

No abstract available.

Exploring the Experiences and Support of Nurses as Second Victims After Patient Safety Events in China: A Mixed-Method Approach.

Aim: To investigate the current status of experience and support of nurses as second victims and explore its related factors in nurses. Design: A sequential, explanatory, mixed-method study was applied. Methods: A total of 406 nurses from seven tertiary hospitals in China were chosen as participants between September to October 2023. The Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Questionnaire (SVEST), Somatic Complaints of Sub-health Status Questionnaire (SCSSQ) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were applied to collect quantitative data. Eight nurses were selected for a qualitative study through in-depth interviews. Through interpretive phenomenological analysis, the interview data were analysed to explore the experience and support of nurses as second victims. Results: Practice distress (15.74 ± 4.97) and psychological distress (15.48 ± 3.74) were the highest dimensions, indicating Chinese nurses experienced second victim-related practice and psychological distress. Nurses with different gender, age, education, marital status, income, working hours, professional titles, and unit types have different levels of second victim-related experience and support (p < 0.05). In addition, the score of SVEST was positively associated with SCSSQ (r = 0.444) and GAD-7 (r = 0.490) (p < 0.05). This qualitative study found that the experience and support of nurses as second victims included nurses' perceptions and needs for patient safety events; psychological, physical and practice distress of nurses; and nurses and hospitals coping style after patient safety events. Discussion: Our findings suggest that nurses who are second victims of patient safety events experience severe practice and psychological distress, indicating that nursing managers should pay attention to psychological and practice distress of nurses after patient safety events and provide effective preventive measures.

Condición de discapacidad y victimización por robo en pobladores de Perú / Disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villager

Fundamentos: alrededor del 15% de la población mundial tiene algún grado de discapacidad. La violencia y el crimen afectan primordialmente a la región de américa latina, especialmente a perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la condición de discapacidad y la victimización por robo en pobladores peruanos durante 2017. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal de análisis secundario de datos de la encuesta nacional especializada sobre victimi-zación (enevic) 2017. La variable independiente fue la condición de discapacidad y la variable dependiente fue la victimización por robo; además, se incluyeron variables de confusión. Para demostrar la asociación se realizó una regresión de poisson y se calcularon razones de prevalencia (rp) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (ic95%).resultados: se incluyeron los registros de 32.199 peruanos de dieciocho o más años. Las personas con discapacidad tuvieron un 24% menos probabilidad de ser víctimas de robo que las personas sin discapacidad (rp=0,76; ic95%: 0,61-0,95), ajustado por las variables de confusión. Sin embargo, esta asociación solo fue estadísticamente significativa en las mujeres, adultos mayores y en el estrato socioeconómico alto. Conclusiones: en perú, las personas con discapacidad tienen menor probabilidad de ser víctimas de robo que las personas sin discapacidad, aunque solamente si son mujeres, adultos mayores y provienen de un nivel socioeconómico alto. En los demás grupos poblacionales, las probabilidades de sufrir de este hecho de victimización serían semejantes entre las personas con y sin discapacida.(AU)

Background: about 15% of the world’s population has some degree of disability. Violence and crime primarily affect the latin american region, especially peru. This study aimed to determine the association between disability status and robbery victimization in peruvian villagers in 2017. Methods: a cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis from the national specialized victimization survey (enevic) 2017 was conducted. The independent variable was disability status, and the dependent variable was robbery victimization; in addition, confounding variables were included. Poisson regression was performed to demonstrate the association, and prevalence ratios (pr) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%ci) were calculated.results: records of 32,199 peruvians aged 18 years or older were included. People with disabilities were 24% less likely to be rob-bery victims than people without disabilities (pr=0.76; 95%ci: 0.61-0.95), adjusted for confounding variables. However, this association was only statistically significant in women, older adults, and the high socioeconomic stratum. Conclusions: in peru, people with disabilities are less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities. However, only if they are women, older adults, and come from a high socioeconomic level. In the other population groups, the probabilities of suffering this victimization would be similar between people with and without disabilities.(AU)

[Disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers]. / Condición de discapacidad y victimización por robo en pobladores de Perú.

OBJECTIVE: About 15% of the world's population has some degree of disability. Violence and crime primarily affect the Latin American region, especially Peru. This study aimed to determine the association between disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers in 2017. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis from the National Specialized Victimization Survey (ENEVIC) 2017 was conducted. The independent variable was disability status, and the dependent variable was robbery victimization; in addition, confounding variables were included. Poisson regression was performed to demonstrate the association, and prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Records of 32,199 Peruvians aged 18 years or older were included. People with disabilities were 24% less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities (PR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.61-0.95), adjusted for confounding variables. However, this association was only statistically significant in women, older adults, and the high socioeconomic stratum. CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, people with disabilities are less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities. However, only if they are women, older adults, and come from a high socioeconomic level. In the other population groups, the probabilities of suffering this victimization would be similar between people with and without disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: Alrededor del 15% de la población mundial tiene algún grado de discapacidad. La violencia y el crimen afectan primordialmente a la región de América Latina, especialmente a Perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la condición de discapacidad y la victimización por robo en pobladores peruanos durante 2017. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio transversal de análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Nacional Especializada sobre Victimización (ENEVIC) 2017. La variable independiente fue la condición de discapacidad y la variable dependiente fue la victimización por robo; además, se incluyeron variables de confusión. Para demostrar la asociación se realizó una regresión de Poisson y se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). RESULTS: Se incluyeron los registros de 32.199 peruanos de dieciocho o más años. Las personas con discapacidad tuvieron un 24% menos probabilidad de ser víctimas de robo que las personas sin discapacidad (RP=0,76; IC95%: 0,61-0,95), ajustado por las variables de confusión. Sin embargo, esta asociación solo fue estadísticamente significativa en las mujeres, adultos mayores y en el estrato socioeconómico alto. CONCLUSIONS: En Perú, las personas con discapacidad tienen menor probabilidad de ser víctimas de robo que las personas sin discapacidad, aunque solamente si son mujeres, adultos mayores y provienen de un nivel socioeconómico alto. En los demás grupos poblacionales, las probabilidades de sufrir de este hecho de victimización serían semejantes entre las personas con y sin discapacidad.

Sexual Assault Response Team Goals and Motivations for Development.

Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) are community-based, multidisciplinary interventions that strive to coordinate the response to sexual assault. SARTs consist of sexual assault responders (e.g., rape crisis advocates, police, forensic examiners/Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners, and prosecutors) and seek to increase responder collaboration to improve survivors' help-seeking experiences. There is a lack of empirical research examining factors underlying SARTs' goals and what leads communities to form SARTs. Therefore, this study sought to examine the goals and motivations present in SART development using a multiple-methods approach with a national random sample of n = 172 SARTs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine factors underlying SART goals, and qualitative thematic analysis was used to explore what motivators drove SART formation. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses underscored the importance of improving the accessibility and quality of services, improving the treatment of survivors, and increasing responder collaboration. The qualitative findings offered additional insight into the importance of community education and various community contextual factors (e.g., funding and policy requirements) that influence SARTs. Findings inform future research and practice on SART goals and functioning, such as how SART goals may relate to team structure, effectiveness, and capacity-building opportunities.

Effects of victimization and perpetration in observing bullying scenes: an eye-tracker study{es}: Efectos de la victimización y la perpetración en la observación de escenas de acoso: un estudio con eye-tracker.

Introduction: Previous research showed that bullying experiences are associated with different ways of interpreting and behaving in bullying dynamics. However, it remains uncertain whether these distinctions can already be present during the first step of information processing: the allocation of attention. Aims: The study explored attentional patterns of Italian students with different bullying experiences in daily life while observing different roles represented through bullying vignettes. Methods: Participants (72 students, Mage= 11.18) were categorized as victims, bully-victims, or not involved based on their scores on a self-report questionnaire. They observed 9 bullying vignettes on which different portraits were presented (bully, victim, pro-bully, defender, bystander) while the eye-tracker registered attentional indexes (fixation, visit and duration). Results: Kruskal- Wallis and pairwise comparisons revealed a significant effect for the portraits of the bully and the pro-bully as bully-victims exhibited greater fixations and visits than victims, while students not involved showed no significant differences with the other groups. Conclusion: Our research reveals that bully-victims focused more on threatening cues while victims diverged their gaze from them, confirming that the experience of bullying influences how they explore aggressive situations. Learning how involved students direct their attention helps us understand different responses, leading to powerful interventions.

Coping trajectories of intensive care nurses as second victims: A grounded theory.

A qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs). BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile. METHODS: Conducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. RESULTS: From the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE. CONCLUSIONS: For the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors.